Optimum fuel-injector flow is key
to efficient combustion and reduced pollution. Fuel spray is opaque and fast moving; imaging requires the brilliance of x-rays only available at a synchrotron source.
Research from a collaboration between DOE and the ANL Center for Transportation revealed unexpected supersonic flow (shockwave) in injector fuel spray.

X-ray phase contrast image of fuel injector plunger (left) and x-ray absorption image of fuel spray (right).
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